Master of Orion is a project in a step-by-step mode, where the user needs to simultaneously control several components at once. One of the races comes under control, whose task is to achieve complete dominance in the Galaxy. In total, there are 10 races to choose from, each of which differs in its focus and features of conducting both foreign and domestic policies. Before starting the main campaign, the gamer can read a detailed description of each type in order to further decide what style of play he wants to promote. For example, humans specialize in trade, and Psilons (four-armed creatures) emphasize a high level of technological development.

The map in Master of Orion is a galaxy, pre-divided into stars. Their location and dimensions are generated randomly, so it is impossible to predict or adapt to the situation in advance. In addition, planets will appear on the map, each of which will have its own biome and conditions (for example, one may be completely covered by the ocean, and the other by tropical forests). It is important to take this into account, since populating the planets is a key condition for victory. Depending on the level of industrial production and other factors that indicate the planet's suitability for settlement, it can be used for settlement, determining the main industrial capacities there, as well as other operations that will help accelerate development. For example, to build ships, gamers need to use currently available parts (more than 75 unique improvements are available), and to formulate foreign policy, negotiate with other races. The peculiarity is that the outcome does not always depend on the player’s actions. Some peoples may be initially inclined to hostility, and any negotiations with them will end badly, regardless of other factors. Therefore, you should be flexible in order to achieve the final result and benefit.